project:technology_timeline:start
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project:technology_timeline:start [2017/05/30 20:06] – [Computers, information processing and machine intelligence] bluebear | project:technology_timeline:start [2017/05/30 21:12] (current) – [Computers, information processing and machine intelligence] maxfx | ||
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| 1992 | Jürgen Schmidhuber proposes a solution to the vanishing gradient problem | (https:// | | 1992 | Jürgen Schmidhuber proposes a solution to the vanishing gradient problem | (https:// | ||
| 1993 | **MP3** algorithm discovered at Fraunhofer institute | Very similarly to JPEG for images, this lossy compression algorithm for sound became de-facto standard for lower-to-medium music storage | | | 1993 | **MP3** algorithm discovered at Fraunhofer institute | Very similarly to JPEG for images, this lossy compression algorithm for sound became de-facto standard for lower-to-medium music storage | | ||
+ | | 1993 | **FreeBSD** born | FreeBSD is an operating system for a variety of platforms which focuses on features, speed, and stability. It is derived from BSD, the version of UNIX® developed at the University of California, Berkeley | | ||
| 1994 | Started work on specification of Digital Versatile Disc (**DVD**) | Started by Sony and Phillips after resolving disputes between competing formats for storage, MMCD and SD. DVDs will replace CDs soon with their much greater capacity (approx. 4G against 720M) | | | 1994 | Started work on specification of Digital Versatile Disc (**DVD**) | Started by Sony and Phillips after resolving disputes between competing formats for storage, MMCD and SD. DVDs will replace CDs soon with their much greater capacity (approx. 4G against 720M) | | ||
| 1995 | **Java** language invented at Sun Microsystems by James Gosling | Java became standard for large-scale enterprise software, replacing COBOL, and for cell phone apps (first its reduced version, Java SE, modern Android phones use full-fledged Java); it started the app boom which lasts in 2017 | | | 1995 | **Java** language invented at Sun Microsystems by James Gosling | Java became standard for large-scale enterprise software, replacing COBOL, and for cell phone apps (first its reduced version, Java SE, modern Android phones use full-fledged Java); it started the app boom which lasts in 2017 | | ||
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^ Year ^ Event ^ Importance+Links ^ | ^ Year ^ Event ^ Importance+Links ^ | ||
+ | | 1924 | First **electroencephalography (EEG)** measurements on human (by Hans Berger) | | | ||
| 1953 | Double-helix DNA structure discovered by Wattson, Crick and Franklin | Beginning of modern molecular genetics | | | 1953 | Double-helix DNA structure discovered by Wattson, Crick and Franklin | Beginning of modern molecular genetics | | ||
| 1962 | First demonstration of neurogenesis in an adult mammal brain (Joseph Altman) | Up to this discovery it was believed that neurons are never newly created in adult brain | | | 1962 | First demonstration of neurogenesis in an adult mammal brain (Joseph Altman) | Up to this discovery it was believed that neurons are never newly created in adult brain | | ||
- | | 1976 | Discovery that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a growth factor that allows to cultivate T-cells in vitro | Many years later, this knowledge will be used for production of genetically modified T cells to attack tumors (aka CAR-T), the first and important case of immunological anti-cancer medicines | | + | | 1976 | Discovery that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a growth factor that allows to cultivate T-cells in vitro | Many years later, this knowledge will be used for production of genetically modified T cells to attack tumors (aka **CAR-T**), the first and important case of immunological anti-cancer medicines | |
- | | 1978 | In-vitro fertilization | Will give millions of couples the ability to conceive a child when normal way fails | | + | | 1978 | **In-vitro fertilization** | Will give millions of couples the ability to conceive a child when normal way fails | |
- | | 1985 | PCR (polymerase chain reaction) discovered by Karry Mullis | The very basic stone of modern genetic analysis | | + | | 1985 | **PCR** (polymerase chain reaction) discovered by Karry Mullis | The very basic stone of modern genetic analysis | |
| 1985 | fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy) first applied on a human | Used to see blood flow in various parts of the brain | | | 1985 | fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy) first applied on a human | Used to see blood flow in various parts of the brain | | ||
- | | 1989 | T-killer cells altered to attack a specified target | Zelig Eshar shows that T-killer immunity cells can be re-targeted to attack any other cell of choice (by replacing the targeting receptor); this is considered the start of CAR-T antitumor therapy. | | + | | 1989 | T-killer cells altered to attack a specified target | Zelig Eshar shows that T-killer immunity cells can be re-targeted to attack any other cell of choice (by replacing the targeting receptor); this is considered the start of **CAR-T** antitumor therapy. |
- | | 1992 | Functional | + | | 1990 | **Human genome project** officially launched | | |
- | | 1998 | Viagra (sildenafil) approved by FDA for erectile dysfunction | A medicine originally meant for treating hypertension proved its effect on erectile dysfunction | + | | 1992 | **Functional |
- | | 2001 | " | + | | 1996 | **Dolly the sheep**, the first animal cloned from somatic cell | | |
- | | 2003 | Cause for progeria found | The horrible fast-aging disease is caused by a point mutation in gene for lamin A which produces scaffolding for cell nucleus (position 1824 in the LMNA gene) | | + | | 1998 | **Viagra** (sildenafil) approved by FDA for erectile dysfunction | A medicine originally meant for treating hypertension proved its effect on erectile dysfunction |
- | | 2003 | First idea of "gene drive" | + | | 2001 | **" |
+ | | 2003 | Cause for **progeria** found | The horrible fast-aging disease is caused by a point mutation in gene for lamin A which produces scaffolding for cell nucleus (position 1824 in the LMNA gene) | | ||
+ | | 2003 | First idea of **gene drive** | A self-promoting gene or casette that spreads to offspring with extreme probability, | ||
+ | | 2003 | **Human Genome Project** officially declared successfully completed | | | ||
+ | | 2004 | **Milwaukee protocol** | Medical regimen able to rescue patients with symptomatic rabies (using pharmacologically induced coma with nutrient replacements), | ||
| 2005 | " | | 2005 | " | ||
- | | 2006 | 23andme launched | The first personal genetics web service, provides genetic analysis from saliva sample sent by mail. https:// | + | | 2006 | **23andme** launched | The first personal genetics web service, provides genetic analysis from saliva sample sent by mail. https:// |
- | | 2006 | Induced pluripotent cell technology discovered | By Shinya Yamanaka, Kyoto; yielded Nobel Prize in 2012) | | + | | 2006 | **Induced pluripotent cell (iPSC)** |
- | | 2006 | Vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV) | | + | | 2006 | Vaccine against |
- | | 2008 | Primitive but multi-layered brain-like organoids grown from stem cells | By Yoshiki Sasai et al., RIKEN, Tokyo | | + | | 2008 | Primitive but multi-layered |
| 2011 | Price of whole-genome sequencing now at 5000 USD per genome (Illumina Inc.) | | | 2011 | Price of whole-genome sequencing now at 5000 USD per genome (Illumina Inc.) | | ||
- | | 2014 | First working fully synthetic yeast chromosome | The chromosome was artificially synthesized from computer-stored data that was previously read from the natural chromosome, with junk and transposons deleted (!!), still works normally (Jef Boeke et al., N.Y. University Langone Medical Center). DOI: 10.1126/ | + | | 2014 | First working fully **synthetic yeast chromosome** | The chromosome was artificially synthesized from computer-stored data that was previously read from the natural chromosome, with junk and transposons deleted (!!), still works normally (Jef Boeke et al., N.Y. University Langone Medical Center). DOI: 10.1126/ |
| 2014 | E. coli with two extra genetic bases (called X and Y) prepared | First case of adding new bases to DNA when the extra bases are also passed to the offspring | | | 2014 | E. coli with two extra genetic bases (called X and Y) prepared | First case of adding new bases to DNA when the extra bases are also passed to the offspring | | ||
| 2014 | Emotional content of a memory engram modified by optogenetics in mouse | Emotional content of a recent memory engram in mouse was switched by optogenetic switching of neurons in the dentate gyrus (Susumu Tonegawa et al.), possibly first step in memory-modification technology. doi: | | 2014 | Emotional content of a memory engram modified by optogenetics in mouse | Emotional content of a recent memory engram in mouse was switched by optogenetic switching of neurons in the dentate gyrus (Susumu Tonegawa et al.), possibly first step in memory-modification technology. doi: | ||
| 2015 | Price of whole-genome sequencing drops to 1500 USD per genome (from National Human Genome Research Institute) | | | 2015 | Price of whole-genome sequencing drops to 1500 USD per genome (from National Human Genome Research Institute) | | ||
- | | 2017 | Minified Cas9-like enzyme from Campylobacter jejuni used in medicine | Small enough to allow building an all-in-one adenovirus-coated capsule for CRISPR-Cas9 editing in vivo; first use was a test of treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. doi: | + | | 2017 | **Minified Cas9-like enzyme** from Campylobacter jejuni used in medicine | Small enough to allow building an all-in-one adenovirus-coated capsule for CRISPR-Cas9 editing in vivo; first use was a test of treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. doi: |
| 2017 | Mouse embryo cultivated from embryonic stem cells and developed in vitro for 7 days | This is about 1/3 of mouse pregancy period, just before the embryo implants into the mother' | | 2017 | Mouse embryo cultivated from embryonic stem cells and developed in vitro for 7 days | This is about 1/3 of mouse pregancy period, just before the embryo implants into the mother' | ||
- | | 2017 | Atlas of long non-coding RNA sequences (with precise 5' ends) launched at RIKEN, Tokyo | doi: | + | | 2017 | Atlas of **long non-coding RNA** sequences (with precise 5' ends) launched at RIKEN, Tokyo | doi: |
| 2017 | FDA approves first anti-cancer drug, pembrolizumab, | | 2017 | FDA approves first anti-cancer drug, pembrolizumab, | ||
project/technology_timeline/start.txt · Last modified: 2017/05/30 21:12 by maxfx